This NOVA program explores the 2004 controversy that divided the town of Dover, Pennsylvania, in a battle over teaching evolution in the public schools. Science teachers were ordered by the school board to teach their students about intelligent design -- an alternative to Darwin's theory of evolution that describes life as too complex to have evolved naturally. The teachers refused to comply, and they filed a federal lawsuit with the parents against the school board. The case of Kitzmiller v. Dover School District accused the school board of violating the constitutional separation of church and state. The program examines the arguments by lawyers and expert witnesses, and raises questions such as "What is evolution?" and "Is intelligent design a scientifically valid alternative?" Features described video.